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- <text id=94TT0474>
- <title>
- Apr. 25, 1994: Books:She Mastered The Art Of Losing
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Apr. 25, 1994 Hope in the War against Cancer
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 82
- She Mastered The Art Of Losing
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Elizabeth Bishop was a great American poet whose work was polished
- and humane; her letters reveal a life that was less serene
- </p>
- <p>By Paul Gray
- </p>
- <p> She seemed in many ways the odd woman out among her generation
- of U.S. poets, and not only because of her gender. Elizabeth
- Bishop (1911-79) suffered none of the public breakdowns, burnouts
- and crack-ups that afflicted such talented contemporaries as
- Robert Lowell, Delmore Schwartz, John Berryman, Randall Jarrell
- and Theodore Roethke. "You are the soberest poet we've had here
- yet," a secretary at the University of Washington once told
- her; she cherished the comment and repeated it to others. Bishop's
- public image seemed serene--photographs taken well into her
- middle years invariably show small features arranged impassively
- within a round face--and she grew famous in part for her fastidious
- reserve about her own work. She allowed only 80 or so of her
- poems to be published during her lifetime, and their scarcity--not to mention their polished, haunting artistry--made
- them all the more cherished by her admirers. When she won a
- Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1956, she wrote a friend, "I'm
- sure it's never been given for such a miserable quantity of
- work before."
- </p>
- <p> What can her private correspondence add to the legacy of her
- poems? A great deal, as it turns out, including the struggles
- that lay behind Bishop's quest for perfection. One Art (Farrar
- Straus Giroux; 668 pages; $35) offers 541 letters selected from
- the more than 3,000 assembled by her editor Robert Giroux. The
- book amounts to a kind of daily autobiography, with none of
- the reshaping that memory can impose. Bishop loved sending and
- receiving mail. "I sometimes wish," she wrote while a student
- at Vassar, "that I had nothing, or little more, to do but write
- letters to the people who are not here." This sentence proved
- prophetic; by accident or design, she spent much of her life
- in places where her friends were not.
- </p>
- <p> She recounted in one letter telling her hairdresser, "I was
- an orphan," and the remark, while technically untrue, was emotionally
- accurate. Her father died eight months after her birth, a loss
- that drove her mother into a mental home. The child lived with
- various relatives, including a spell with her mother's family
- in Nova Scotia.
- </p>
- <p> Bishop knew even before college that she would be a poet, and
- the task she set herself while at Vassar--"to develop a manner
- of one's own, to say the most difficult things and to be funny
- if possible"--remained the same throughout her career. She
- sought out Marianne Moore as a mentor, but she did not always
- take the older poet's technical advice: "I'm afraid I was quite
- ungracious in that I accepted most of your suggestions but refused
- some--that seems almost worse than refusing all assistance."
- </p>
- <p> Bishop was blessed and cursed with severe good taste. "I'm rather
- critical," she told one correspondent with thundering understatement.
- Her letters regularly registered her dislikes. She called a
- performance of T.S. Eliot's The Cocktail Party "a mess." She
- found "a streak of insensitivity" in the poetry of William Carlos
- Williams. Not even children's books escaped her opprobrium.
- After meeting E.B. White, she read a copy of his Charlotte's
- Web and then reported that it is "so awful." She was hardest
- of all on her own work. Apologizing for her meager output, she
- begged Moore, "Can you please forgive me and believe that it
- is really because I want to do something well that I don't do
- it at all?"
- </p>
- <p> The trimness of Bishop's work and her artistic judgments were
- not always reflected in her personal affairs. She was a lesbian,
- but no evidence in these letters suggests that she or her friends
- were bothered by her preferences; inevitably, though, some of
- her partners caused her suffering. She spent what she called
- "the 12 or 13 happiest years of my life" on a Brazilian mountaintop
- estate owned by Lota de Macedo Soares, a flamboyant architect
- of Portuguese descent, but the affair ended with Lota's gradual
- nervous collapse and eventual suicide in Bishop's Manhattan
- apartment. A subsequent companion also suffered a breakdown.
- Despite appearances, Bishop was tempted by alcohol much of her
- life, a weakness she tried to hide from everyone but her physician.
- Recounting one of her lapses, she wrote, "I think that when
- something like that happens I'm so overcome with remorse, before
- I even get drunk, that that's why I get to feeling so damned
- sick--and it's much more the mental aftermath than the physical."
- After learning of the death of Dylan Thomas, she wrote, "In
- my own minor way I know enough about drink & destruction."
- </p>
- <p> Giroux took the title One Art from a Bishop villanelle published
- in 1976, three years before her sudden death of a cerebral aneurysm.
- The poem draws its power from the repeated refrain "The art
- of losing isn't hard to master." Her letters--so consistently
- intelligent, entertaining and humane--record the losses that
- being alive incurs. And when possible, they are funny.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-